Breast cancer in Pakistan: current status of screening, diagnosis, and management - a review

Pakistan has one of the highest rates of breast cancer in Asia, and the latest demographic trends show that this rate is likely to escalate further. In South Asian women, cultural practices and assumptions play a significant role in their understanding of cancer prevention, emphasising the importance of host country cultures and healthcare systems. Another significant issue is the lack of satisfactory screening modalities and knowledge among healthcare workers, particularly nurses. Exploring these factors in detail is crucial for optimising outcomes and enhancing patient care. The current narrative review was planned to deliver a comprehensive understanding of the various factors that lead to the rising prevalence of breast cancer in Pakistan, and to analyse their potential impact on the screening, diagnosis and treatment of this potentially life threatening disease. To counter the delayed diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer cases, awareness campaigns and education programmes regarding breast cancer should be conducted at the community and institutional levels.