Smart Irrigation System for Precision Farming Using IoT, TinyML, Hybrid GSM and WiFi and Chatbot

Water scarcity and non-efficient irrigation practices reduces the productivity in agricultural field and the conservation of resources. This paper presents a smart irrigation framework which integrates IoT-based sensing, an ESP32 microcontroller with TinyML capabilities, hybrid GSM–WiFi communication, and a WhatsApp-enabled chatbot interface for intelligent and autonomous irrigation management. The smart irrigation framework enables collecting various environmental parameters such as temperature, moisture of soil and humidity through IoT sensors which are then processed using embedded TinyML models on the ESP32 platform which facilitates on-device irrigation facility and the distribution of water is automated via relay-controlled pumps. All the processed data are send to the cloud storage for undergoing data analytics in the future and to monitor the performance, the WhatsApp chatbot interface assists the farmers to receive the alerts, know the status of the system and to control the irrigation. This proposed design provides a scalable, energy-efficient and cost-effective solution for precision agriculture.