Impact of Pozzolanic Materials on the Durability Properties of Concrete: A Systematic Review

This article presents a systematic review on the effect of natural and industrial supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) --including ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-- silica fume, volcanic ash, natural zeolite, and diatomite, on the physical, mechanical, and durability properties of concrete. Based on the analysis of studies published between 2021 and 2025, consistent patterns of microstructural refinement, permeability reduction, and improved resistance to aggressive agents were identified. The results indicate that performance depends on the type of material, its fineness, replacement ratio, and curing conditions. The evidence suggests that durability enhancement is associated with the interaction between pozzolanic reaction and filler effect. This synthesis contributes to guiding the design of performance-based sustainable concretes and to strengthening technical criteria aligned with contemporary environmental challenges.