Garcinia gummi-gutta biodiesel dipped with Fe3O4 immobilizer is a superior blend for a stationary diesel engine

This study investigates biodiesel blends made from Garcinia gummi-gutta in single-cylinder diesel engines. The research aims to test blends B10, B20, B30, B40, and B100 by conducting trials on constant-speed diesel engines running at 1500 rpm. A notable aspect of this work is the inclusion of Garcinia gummi-gutta biodiesel blends having immobilized Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Key findings show that the performance of blend B10 is 29.99%, which is very close to that of conventional diesel. The blends have specific 0.15 MJ/KWh for B10 and 0.16 MJ/KWh for B20, which are like the fuel consumption rate of diesel. B10 and B20 produce pressures of 56.98 bar and 54.42 bar, respectively. The B10 blend has the highest heat release rate of 71 J/οCA, once again it is shown to be a favorable blend when compared to diesel. Emissions analysis has shown that the B20 and B30 blends have produced marked reductions in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions of 18.42% and 19.20%, respectively, compared with diesel. In addition, NOx emissions from the B10 blend are very low (700 ppm). The B40 blend proves the lowest hydrocarbon emissions at 58.1 ppm. Therefore, the use ofGarcinia gummi-gutta biodiesel shows promising combustion performance and emissions characteristics comparable to those of diesel, thereby meeting sustainable energy goals.