An Influence of Clinical and Subclinical hypothyroidism on blood Lipid profile and its correlation with BMI

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder worldwide, which is more prevalent in females than males.As thyroid hormones are important modulators of intermediary metabolism, any thyroid dysfunction leads to dyslipidaemia, which increases the risk of atherosclerosis.Aims: To compare the lipid profiles between hypothyroid groups of patients and to evaluate the correlation with body mass index (BMI).Materials & Methods: A Cross-sectional study using non-probability, purposive sampling was conducted from September 2024 to August 2025 at Zainul Haque Sikder Women's Medical College Hospital.Based on thyroid profile, the subjects were divided into three groups: euthyroids (n=44), subclinical hypothyroids (n=47), and clinical hypothyroids (n=42).Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Results: The mean age of patients with Clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and Euthyroidism was 38.90 ± 10.69, 37.23 ± 12.96, and 34.95 ± 14.26 years, respectively.TSH levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 7.10 µIU/ml in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism to 17.15 µIU/ml in those with clinical hypothyroidism, compared with 2.21 µIU/ml in euthyroid individuals.FT4 levels were 0.49, 1.10, and 1.20 ng/dL in thyroid, subclinical hypothyroidism, and Euthyroidism, respectively.Mean BMI was significantly increased from 25.67 ± 4.49 for subclinical hypothyroid and 27.42 ± 4.99 for clinical hypothyroid, respectively, compared to 24.66 ± 5.67 for euthyroid.Mean Serum cholesterol was significantly (p < 0.05) increased from 220.98 ± 30.41 to 193.60 ± 39.47 mg/dl for clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism compared to 174.41 ± 41.11mg/dl for Euthyroid patients.Mean LDL was significantly increased from 134.43 ± 28.77, 114.53 ± 30.83, and 102.09 ± 37.82 mg/dl for clinical and subclinical patients, respectively, compared to 102.09 ± 37.82 mg/dl for Euthyroid patients.Mean Trygliceride was significantly increased from 242.21 ± 68.17, 174.74 ± 85.34, and 147.70 ± 68.63mg/ dl for Clinical, Subclinical, and Euthyroid, respectively.Mean HDL levels were 36.82 ± 6.94, 41.83 ± 11.14, and 42.43 ± 8.02mg/dL among the Clinical, Subclinical, and Euthyroid groups, respectively, with no significant differences observed between hypothyroid and Euthyroid subjects.Conclusion: Both hypothyroid groups showed an altered lipid profile, which was significantly raised when compared with the euthyroid subjects.Such a dyslipidemic status is significant not only for managing thyroid disorders but also for common diseases such as obesity and coronary atherosclerosis in the population.