The Impact of Agility and Flexibility on Business Sustainability of SMEs in the Toba Caldera Geopark: The Moderating Role of Business Resilience

This study examines the impact of agility and flexibility on the business sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), focusing on the moderating role of business resilience.This study used a purposive sample with quantitative approach and cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 113 SMEs in the Toba Caldera Geopark area in Tomok Village -Samosir, Indonesia.The data analysis conducted using path analysis in SPSS.The results reveal that agility and flexibility have a direct positively significant effect on the business sustainability.Furthermore, the findings confirm that business resilience strengthens the positive impact of agility and flexibility on sustainability.The study also found the importance of fostering agility, flexibility and resilience in SME management strategies.It suggests that business owners focus on training, technology adoption, and risk management to enhance their enterprises resilience and long-term sustainability.