Actuarial Vulnerabilities in Social Protection Systems of Emerging Economies: A Dual Systematic Review of Pension Sustainability and Commuting Hazard Liabilities

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 2026 Open access

Read full text
Authors: Mohd Zaki Awang Chek, I. L. Ismail, E. N. I. Hashim, Z. H. Zulkifli, Rinda Nariswari
DOI: 10.47772/ijriss.2026.10200273
Cited by: 0
References: 8

Abstract

Social protection systems in emerging and middle-income economies are confronting structural actuarial vulnerabilities driven by rapid demographic transition, labour market informality, and evolving occupational risk patterns. This paper develops an integrated research framework to examine two interrelated and financial material liabilities within statutory social insurance schemes: (i) the long-term sustainability and adequacy of survivors’ and invalidity pension programs under accelerated population ageing and shrinking contributor bases, and (ii) the rising actuarial burden of commuting-related occupational accidents characterised by high tail-risk exposure.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Financial Literacy Pension Retirement Analysis Insurance Mortality Demography Risk Management Labor Law and Work Dynamics

Publication details

Journal / source
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science
Volume
10
Issue
2
Pages
3767–3773
Publication date
1 January 2026
Language
EN