Navigating Rwanda’s industrial growth: a comprehensive analysis of the impact of cement and construction sectors on air quality and public health

Infrastructure development and urbanization are significant drivers of Rwanda's rapid economic transformation. This expansion presents significant risks to public health and the environment, particularly due to the degradation of air quality, and is primarily propelled by the cement and construction sectors. This article examines how these industries affect Rwanda's ambient air pollution, specifically concentrating on particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and other harmful emissions. It examines the existing regulatory framework, proposes a thorough strategy to mitigate the effects on public health, and assesses the resulting burden. The research suggests that Rwanda's developmental goals may be compromised in the long term due to the healthcare costs linked to industrialization, unless the government implements decisive, stringent, and innovative measures. The research advocates for a "green industrialization" model that balances economic goals with health and environmental sustainability.