A Short Review on Computer Vision: Visualizing the World Through Machine

Computer vision is an important part of artificial intelligence. It helps machines interpret and make decisions based on visual data. As machines take on more responsibility in decision-making, vision is a key way for them to understand their surroundings. The ability for machines to see and understand the world through visual input raises the question of whether they can truly understand complex situations based on the objects and interactions around them. This paper explores the main concepts and algorithms behind computer vision, beginning with its early development. It discusses foundational techniques and how they have changed over time, including innovations that are shaping the field. The paper also looks at the limitations of these foundational concepts and how they have impacted the growth of current technologies. It includes a critical examination of present-day technologies, pointing out their challenges and shortcomings despite many improvements. Finally, the paper covers the various applications of machine vision in different fields and the promising future for further advancements in computer vision technologies. Received: 19 August 2025 | Revised: 7 January 2026 | Accepted: 28 January 2026 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study. Author Contribution Statement Mohammad Mehedi Hassan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Visualization, Project administration. Stephen Karungaru: Validation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration. Rezaul Bashar: Validation, Writing – review & editing.