Health Burdens of Solid Waste Mismanagement at Thanjavur: Assessing Occupational, Psychological, and Community Risks

Solid waste mismanagement in Thanjavur poses substantial occupational, psychological, and community health risks, particularly affecting municipal sanitation workers and nearby residents. Waste workers experience high rates of musculoskeletal disorders (69.3%), respiratory illnesses (57.9%), and skin-related conditions (42.9%) due to continuous direct exposure to hazardous and mixed waste materials. Psychological stress, including anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders (37.4%), is also prevalent, largely driven by poor working conditions, inadequate access to personal protective equipment, job insecurity, and social stigma associated with sanitation work. Beyond occupational impacts, community health is significantly affected, as improper waste disposal contributes to air and water contamination, increased prevalence of vector-borne diseases (28.2%), and chronic fatigue (35.3%) among local residents. An assessment of workplace safety practices revealed low participation in training programs, with only 17.6% of workers receiving occupational safety training and 18.1% trained in waste handling, along with inconsistent use of protective gear, further exacerbating health risks. Based on field data collection, structured interviews, and environmental sampling, this study underscores the urgent need for location-specific waste management strategies, improved occupational health safeguards, and stronger policy interventions to protect public health and promote environmental sustainability in Thanjavur.