Association of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cell Response with Survivors and Non-survivors Infected by SARS-COV-2

The emergence and after effects of SARS-CoV-2 virus led to a huge global health crisis. The disease caused by SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) is not only just a respiratory illness, but also the one causing significant haematological alterations. In order to find out the trends related to clinical outcomes in the years of its active existence (Year 2020 and 2021), the Complete Blood Count (CBC) parameters of recovered and deceased patients were observed. The observations reported that Total Leucocyte Count (TLC) was not fluctuating in case of survived cases of 2020, however, it was comparatively high in non-survived cases. Monocytes were high in recovered compared to non-survived. Levels of MCV (low), MCH, platelets (low) and ESR (high) were changeable during the year 2020 in case of recovered cases. Interestingly, recovered (year 2020) patients showed increased ESR and monocytes. Monocytes play the front line in the defence against foreign invasion by microorganisms and providing the first virus-cell contact upon infection. Monocytes are professional antigen-presenting cells with a broad repertoire of receptors on the cell surface and high phagocytic activity, which can be exploited by viruses. These changes are consistent with earlier research showing haematological prognostic markers and immunological dysregulation in COVID-19. Therefore, CBC patterns particularly TLC, Monocytes, ESR, and platelet abnormalities need to be linked to clinical profile and infection pattern, highlighting their predictive value. This will also improve COVID-19 early risk assessment and management.