Prognostic Value of Histone H2B Protein and Other Biochemical Markers in Sudanese Women with Breast Cancer

Background: Despite the existence of breast cancer biomarkers, their analysis techniques are not simple. H2B protein is associated in breast cancer and thought to be effective and simple biomarker. Materials and methods: A total of 121 Sudanese breast cancer patients with different stages of the disease and 31 healthy individuals as the control group were included in this study. A pretested structured data sheet containing closed questions was used to classify the patients into different stages and to identify the age, sex, district, and the type of therapy. Blood samples were collected for laboratory investigation. H2B protein was measured by ELISA, and biochemical tests such as blood glucose, total cholesterol, total protein, and lactate dehydrogenase were measured by a spectrophotometer. Results and conclusion: Most cases were prevalent in Khartoum, Darfur, Kordofan, and Gezira, respectively. In Sudan, the most common types of therapy are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. H2B protein was investigated, and the mean value was found to have significant differences (p< 0.05) compared to control group. Regarding the disease stages, the mean values in the late stages (stages II and III) were found to have significant differences (p< 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively) compared to the control group. However, there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the mean value in the early stage (stage I) and the control group. This result showed that the H2B protein can be used as a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. Moreover, the H2B mean values were positively associated with cholesterol and LDH, and negatively correlated with blood glucose levels.