Innovative Polyherbal Nanoemulsion for Cardioprotection in Diabetes: Impact on Cardiac Biomarker

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death in people with diabetes. One of the main mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular complications in diabetes is an increase in cardiac enzyme levels, such as ACE, NO, CK-MB, LDH, and liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT. This study aims to explore the cardioprotective potential of a novel polyherbal nanoemulsion formulation containing Nigella sativa oil, Centella asiatica, and Moringa oleifera in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The focus of this study was to measure the impact of nanoemulsion therapy on cardiac biomarker levels, namely ACE, NO, CK-MB, LDH, SGOT, and SGPT, which play an important role in monitoring heart function in diabetes. The results showed that administration of polyherbal nanoemulsion significantly reduced the levels of these cardiac enzymes, including ACE, NO, CK-MB, LDH, SGOT, and SGPT, compared to the positive control group that was only given STZ. Therapy with higher doses of polyherbal nanoemulsion showed better therapeutic effects, indicating that nanoemulsion technology can increase the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of bioactive compounds from these plants in protecting the heart. These findings suggest that polyherbal nanoemulsion may be a promising therapeutic approach for reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients, particularly through the regulation of cardiac biomarkers associated with heart damage. HIGHLIGHTS Cardioprotective Potential of Polyherbal Nanoemulsion: This study revealed the ability of nanoemulsion containing Nigella sativa, Centella asiatica, and Moringa oleifera to reduce heart damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by measuring the levels of ACE, CK-MB, LDH, SGOT, and SGPT enzymes. Polyherbal nanoemulsion therapy successfully lowered the elevated levels of ACE, CK-MB, LDH, SGOT, and SGPT enzymes caused by diabetes, demonstrating a protective effect on vital organs. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT