Research and Analysis on the Durability of the Chassis of the Shallot Planting Machine

A combination of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and frequency response simulation is utilized to evaluate the structural durability of a shallot planting machine operating on uneven pavement through. The evaluation was performed by developing a detailed three-dimensional model, comprising 15,322,319 nodes and 8,794,097 elements. Furthermore, excitation forces from the pavement were modeled within a frequency range of 0–150 Hz, revealing a resonance peak at 128 Hz. At this frequency, the maximum stress reached 275 MPa and the maximum deformation was observed at 7.6438 mm, exceeding the safety threshold. In addition, optimization techniques, including parametric adjustments and topology optimization, led to the reduction of structural mass by 15%, deformation by 25%, maximum stress by 20%, and the increase of stiffness by 10%. Consequently, the safety factor improved from 1.29 to 1.61. In addition, a dynamic model was developed in MATLAB to validate the FEA results, with a discrepancy of less than 5%. The findings provide a robust scientific foundation for enhancing the mechanical strength, vibration resistance, and service life of agricultural machinery under dynamic loading conditions.