Leukocoria: A Structured Approach to Differential Diagnosis

Leukocoria, defined as a white pupillary reflex, represents one of the most urgent clinical signs in paediatric ophthalmology and should always be regarded as pathological until proven otherwise. Leukocoria has a broad differential diagnosis collectively including both malignant and non‑malignant entities, but the immediate clinical priority is to exclude retinoblastoma without delay.