Advancing the refinement of compost standards: tailoring composting and fertilization protocols to align with specific soil requirements

The transformation of organic solid waste resource disposal into compost is in alignment with the principles of sustainable development, enhancing the recycling rate and facilitating the attainment of the dual-carbon goal. However, constrained by a disregard for other functions of compost, and the specific requirements of the soil, current compost standards continue to facilitate the development of unrestrained industries with a sole focus on high organic matter content. Therefore, refining the rough classification and single compost standard into tailored composting and fertilization protocols is necessary to meet the specific requirements of the soil. This review begins by examining the interrelationship among compost, soil, and agricultural crops by exploring the practical application and development of compost in agricultural settings. The study critically evaluates the deficiencies in the existing compost standards, focusing on raw material selection, preparation techniques, application methodologies, risk assessment, and management oversight.