Beneficial effects of a multifunctional strain of Purpureocillium lilacinum in strawberry plants

The extensive use of agrochemicals poses significant risks to both environmental and human health. The fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum (Ascomycetes: Ophiocordycipitaceae), through its application, represents a promising biotechnological tool to reduce synthetic chemical inputs in crop production. The entomopathogenic and mycopathogenic capabilities of P. lilacinum strain YLOB have already been demonstrated, underscoring the relevance of multifunctional fungal strains in integrated pest and disease management. This study evaluated its potential to establish endophytically and promote growth in strawberry. In separate experiments, roots or leaves were inoculated with the fungus, and endophytic colonization, growth parameters, and final biomass were assessed. Purpureocillium lilacinum successfully colonized both inoculated and distant tissues. Leaf inoculation resulted in higher endophyte recovery from leaves compared to root inoculation at 7 d post-inoculation. Both inoculation treatments led to plants with significantly greater numbers of leaves and improved leaf health compared to controls. Additionally, leaf inoculation increased root biomass, while root inoculation improved flower and fruit production compared to controls. This is the first study demonstrating endophytic P. lilacinum benefits in strawberry plants, expanding its known functional scope and highlighting its potential application in strawberry production systems.