Complicaciones posoperatorias inmediatas, mediatas y tardías del trasplante renal en un hospital de segundo nivel: análisis de 13 años de experiencia (2005–2018)

Introduction: postoperative complications after kidney transplantation occur in up to 30 % of cases. In Mexico, despite an increase in procedures, data on outcomes and complication rates remain scarce. Objective: to identify the main postoperative complications in patients undergoing kidney transplantation at a secondary-level hospital. Materials and methods: an observational, analytical, retrospective study was conducted on patients with chronic kidney disease who underwent renal transplantation between 2005 and 2018 at a secondary-level hospital. The frequency and type of postoperative complications were analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using chi-square tests with relative risk at a 95 % confidence level and a 5 % margin of error. Results: a total of 120 patients were included 65 % male, with a mean age of 43.3 ± 17.3 years. The overall prevalence of complications was 85 %. The most frequent were urological 43.7 %, infectious 40.5 %, vascular 19.1 %, wound-related 18.4 %, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity 10 %. Graft rejection occurred in 18.8 % of cases. Chronic graft nephropathy (OR=2.7; p=0.003), ureteral fistula (OR=2.6; p=0.016), recurrent urinary tract infection (OR=2.01; p=0.05), and vascular alterations (OR=6.22; p