Generalized Threshold Optimization with Harmony Multi-Threshold Neurons for Accurate ANN-to-SNN Conversion

Spiking Neural Networks(SNNs) are a promising paradigm designed to emulate the brain's energy efficient by incorporating the timing of spikes. Conversion is an efficient way to obtain high-performance SNNs from Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs). Existing conversion methods often face a trade-off between accuracy and time steps, which is largely caused by the incomplete release of residual membrane potentials. To minimize the conversion error, this paper proposed a harmonious mathematical property-based neuron, called Harmony Multi-Threshold Neurons (H-MT Neuron), which utilizes multiple spikes to minimize residual membrane potentials. The proposed neuron is further enhanced with an optional effective communication mechanism to achieve more accurate conversion. In addition, we propose a threshold optimization method applicable to a broader range cases of spiking neurons to to find the optimal neuron thresholds. Experiment results demonstrate that our method achieve superior accuracy on ImageNet benchmark datasets while significantly reducing the required time steps and energy consumption.