An analysis of farmers-herdsmen conflict and the resolution mechanisms in Benue State, Nigeria

The study examines the causes of conflicts between farmers and herdsmen in Benue State. It also assesses the various steps taken to resolve the conflict. The study notes that farmers-herdsmen conflict has long historical roots that span through the pre-colonial and colonial to the post-colonial times. It is qualitative in nature and relies on qualitative data to evaluate the causes and consequences of the conflict. The study discovered that farmers-herdsmen conflict is caused by overgrazing, destruction of farm crops, killing of herdsmen cattle, climate change, environmental degradation, resource scarcity and identity discrimination among others. The study uses environmental/resource scarcity theory and identity construction theory to explain the causes of farmers-herdsmen conflict and dual concern theory to underscore its resolution. Drawing lessons from the various factors that escalates farmers-herdsmen conflict and its social, economic, political, and humanitarian consequences on vulnerable groups in Benue State, the study concludes that farmers and herdsmen have been exposed to humanitarian and socio-economic consequences that affected their individual well-being. The frequent escalation of conflict between farmers and herdsmen reflects the failure of traditional, conventional and dual concern approaches to resolving the conflict. My study recommends the need to promote inclusiveness in citizenship culture, compensation and dialogue between farmers and herdsmen as pathways to strengthening the relationship between farmers and herdsmen in Benue State, Nigeria.