Cramer-Rao Bound for Angle of Arrival Estimates in True-Time-Delay Systems

In the context of joint communication and sensing JC&S, the challenge of obtaining accurate parameter estimates is of interest. Parameter estimates, such as the AoA can be utilized for solving the initial access problem, interference mitigation, localization of users or monitoring of the environment and synchronization of MIMO systems. Recently, TTD systems have gained attention for fast beam training during initial access and mitigation of beam squinting. This work derives the CRB for angle estimates in typical TTD systems. Properties of the CRB and the Fisher information are investigated and numerically evaluated. Finally, methods for angle estimation such as ML and established estimators are utilized to solve the angle estimation problem using a uniform linear array.