PTCBENCH: Benchmarking Contextual Stability of Personality Traits in LLM Systems

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Authors: Jiongchi Yu, Yuhan Ma, Xu Zhang, Junjie Wang, Qiang Hu, Chao Qun Shen, Xiaofei Xie
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Abstract

With the increasing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in affective agents and AI systems, maintaining a consistent and authentic LLM personality becomes critical for user trust and engagement. However, existing work overlooks a fundamental psychological consensus that personality traits are dynamic and context-dependent. To bridge this gap, we introduce PTCBENCH, a systematic benchmark designed to quantify the consistency of LLM personalities under controlled situational contexts. PTCBENCH subjects models to 12 distinct external conditions spanning diverse location contexts and life events, and rigorously assesses the personality using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Our study on 39,240 personality trait records reveals that certain external scenarios (e.g., "Unemployment") can trigger significant personality changes of LLMs, and even alter their reasoning capabilities. Overall, PTCBENCH establishes an extensible framework for evaluating personality consistency in realistic, evolving environments, offering actionable insights for developing robust and psychologically aligned AI systems.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Ethics and Social Impacts of AI Personality Traits and Psychology Psychiatry Mental Health Neuroscience

Publication details

Journal / source
arXiv (Cornell University)
Publication date
12 January 2026
Document type
Preprint