Mind the Gap No More: Achieving Zero-Gap Multimodal Integration via One Tokenizer

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Authors: Yanan Li, Christina Yi Jin, Yuan Jin, Manli Luo, Tie Xu, Shuai Jiao, Wei He, Qing Zhang
Cited by: 0

Abstract

A central challenge in developing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is effectively integrating heterogeneous inputs into a cohesive reasoning engine. Current paradigms predominantly rely on modular architectures that introduce modality-specific encoders and cross-modal fusion mechanisms. However, these designs are fundamentally bottlenecked by a geometric modality gap, forcing the LLM to expend significant computational capacity on geometric reconciliation rather than deep cross-modal reasoning. In this work, we formally characterize this modality gap and theoretically demonstrate that native architectures, specifically those employing a unified vocabulary, intrinsically maintain a zero-gap state across all hidden layers. Guided by these theoretical findings, we propose \textit{One Tokenizer}, a native architecture that maps all modalities directly into a shared token space. We empirically validate this framework on a DNA--text multimodal testbed. Our extensive evaluations reveal that by achieving seamless integration within the LLM's native latent space, One Tokenizer consistently outperforms encoder-based modular counterparts, providing a fundamentally superior framework for deep biological reasoning.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Multimodal Machine Learning Applications Machine Learning in Bioinformatics Topic Modeling

Publication details

Journal / source
arXiv (Cornell University)
Publication date
21 January 2026
Language
EN
Document type
Preprint