From "Help" to Helpful: A Hierarchical Assessment of LLMs in Mental e-Health Applications
Abstract
Psychosocial online counselling frequently encounters generic subject lines that impede efficient case prioritisation. This study evaluates eleven large language models generating six-word subject lines for German counselling emails through hierarchical assessment - first categorising outputs, then ranking within categories to enable manageable evaluation. Nine assessors (counselling professionals and AI systems) enable analysis via Krippendorff's $α$, Spearman's $ρ$, Pearson's $r$ and Kendall's $τ$. Results reveal performance trade-offs between proprietary services and privacy-preserving open-source alternatives, with German fine-tuning consistently improving performance. The study addresses critical ethical considerations for mental health AI deployment including privacy, bias and accountability.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Mental Health via Writing
Digital Mental Health Interventions
Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Publication details
- Journal / source
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Publication date
- 12 January 2026
- Language
- EN
- Document type
- Preprint