A spectroscopic investigation of doping in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors

In recent years, OMIEC research has mainly focused on device-level electrical characterization to improve fabrication and identify better materials. However, a deeper understanding of the fundamental processes governing OMIEC operation is still needed. In particular, the interplay between ionic and electronic transport, their coupling, and their dependence on processing, microstructure, and electrolyte remains insufficiently understood. These tightly interconnected processes require joint investigation. Here, we employ advanced in situ and in operando spectroscopic techniques to elucidate structure–property relationships in various OMIEC systems, aiming to enable rational material design and optimized device performance.