Long-term Outcome of Vital Pulp Therapy and Regenerative Endodontic Procedures in Immature Permanent Maxillary Incisors: A 7-year Follow-up Case Report

Background: Traumatic dental injuries pose challenges in maintaining pulp vitality and promoting root development. Vital pulp therapy (VPT) and regenerative endodontic procedures (REP) are effective approaches for preserving tooth structure and function. Pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) supports apexogenesis, whereas REP facilitates root maturation in necrotic immature teeth. While both techniques offer promising results, long-term clinical outcomes remain underreported. This case report presents a 7-year follow-up of two maxillary incisors managed with VPT and REP, demonstrating sustained pulp vitality and complete root formation. Case description: An 8-year-old female presented with a traumatic injury to her maxillary central incisors. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed that tooth #11 had uncomplicated crown fracture with incomplete root formation, while tooth #21 had undergone initial root canal treatment. Tooth #11 was treated with pulpotomy to support apexogenesis, while tooth #21 underwent REP to promote root development. Follow-up visits over 7 years demonstrated continued root formation in both teeth, with no signs of pathology. Conclusion: This case report demonstrates successful long-term management of two immature maxillary incisors using VPT and REP. Pulpotomy effectively promoted apexogenesis in a vital tooth, while REP facilitated root maturation in a necrotic immature tooth. The 7-year follow-up highlights the importance of treatment planning and extended monitoring to evaluate long-term outcomes. How to cite this article: Almaliki M, Almaghraby M, Bakhsh A. Long-term Outcome of Vital Pulp Therapy and Regenerative Endodontic Procedures in Immature Permanent Maxillary Incisors: A 7-year Follow-up Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2026;19(3):403-407.