Long-term Outcomes of Invasive Pulp Therapies in Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objectives: Fate of invasive pulp therapies, such as pulpotomy and pulpectomy, is uncertain due to several factors. Despite availability of primary research, no systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) have explored long-term outcomes of different pulpal interventions in primary teeth. Our research question is, what are the long-term outcomes of invasive pulp therapies in primary teeth? Material and methods: Two researchers searched literature using keywords in PubMed and other search engines. Articles with full texts and translations in English were included. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and other studies with follow-up of a minimum of 2 years, reporting clinical and radiographic parameters, were included. Results: Clinical success of pulpotomy was 92.32% [95% confidence interval (CI) (88.99-95.00)] based on 28 studies with 1,410 teeth; radiographic success of pulpotomy was 85.35% [95% CI (80.94-89.26)] based on 29 studies with 874 teeth. Clinical success of pulpectomy was 79.96% [95% CI (71.86-86.98)] based on 21 studies with 2007 teeth; radiographic success of pulpotomy was 74.07% [95% CI (67.84-79.84)] based on 21 studies with 2007 teeth. Random effects model (REM) was used since heterogeneity was high. Risk of bias was moderate. Publication bias was minimal. Conclusion: Clinical and radiographic success of pulpotomy was higher than pulpectomy in primary teeth after 24-month follow-up. How to cite this article: Vaiude A, Jawdekar A, Mistry LN. Long-term Outcomes of Invasive Pulp Therapies in Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2026;19(3):389-402.