Exploring the Psychological Effects of Stone: Surface Finishing and Observation as Influencing Factors on Detached Mindfulness and Stress Responses

Stone has long been valued for its durability and environmental sustainability; however, its psychological effects as a component of interior design remain underexplored. This study investigated how interaction with stone influences detached mindfulness and stress responses. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of surface texture (Stone vs. Control). In Experiment 2, we manipulated two factors: the stone’s surface finish (split-faced vs. honed) and the observation mode (visual vs. visual + tactile). Across both experiments, the results indicated that visually observing the natural textures of stone-formed through geological and mineralogical processes-without physical contact promoted detached mindfulness and reduced stress responses. In contrast, the combined visual and tactile perception of more rugged stone surfaces appeared to attenuate these psychological benefits. These findings contribute to the field of biophilic design by highlighting the overlooked psychological role of mineral-based materials, extending the focus beyond plants and greenery.