Gas and heat emission measurements at the Mud Volcano area, Yellowstone National Park

We measured soil CO2 fluxes on grids with the accumulation chamber method on July 15-17, 2021, September 10, 2022, and May 6-7, 2025, at Mud Volcano, an acid-sulfate, vapor-dominated area in Yellowstone National Park, WY. We also monitored variations in CO2, H2O and sensible and latent heat fluxes, air temperature and pressure, and wind speed and direction on a half-hourly basis from September 10 to November 9, 2022, using the eddy covariance approach. On July 16, 2021, and September 9, 2022, we collected gas samples from steaming ground for analysis of bulk chemical and carbon (d13C-CO2) and helium (Rc/Ra) isotope compositions. The soil CO2 flux, eddy covariance, and gas geochemical data sets were used to characterize baseline temporal and spatial variations in hydrothermal CO2 and heat emissions and gas sources for the study area. Data are saved in three spreadsheets in the *.csv format.