A Comparison of Learning Formats: Systemic Perspectives on E-Learning and Classroom Training in Organizations

In the era of digital transformation and VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity) environments, continuous organizational learning has become a strategic necessity to remain viable. While traditional classroom training was the standard, e-learning is increasingly adopted for its efficiency and flexibility in human resource development. However, doubts remain regarding the comparative effectiveness of digital versus face-to-face formats, specifically concerning dropout rates and social isolation. This study investigates the specific advantages of each format and the critical role of organizational learning culture in ensuring success. Based on a systematic literature review, this paper analyses theoretical foundations and practical applications to assess both learning modalities. It conducts a comparative assessment to determine their suitability for different organizational contexts and skill requirements. The analysis reveals that while e-learning excels in flexibility and factual knowledge transfer, face-to-face training is superior for social interaction and developing practical skills. Effectiveness depends less on the format itself and more on the didactic design and alignment with the organizational learning culture. These findings imply that organizations should move beyond an either/or approach towards blended learning strategies. To remain viable in the long term, they must promote Deutero learning (the ability to learn how to learn) within their cultural framework.