New Developments in Silicon Oil-induced Glaucoma versus Clinical Experience – a Review with a Case Series

Introduction Silicon oil-induced glaucoma is a serious complication of the pars plana vitrectomy with a silicon oil tamponade. It arises from mechanisms like silicon oil migration, emulsification, and pre-existing risk factors. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing understanding of this disease, including its diagnosis and novel methods of management, while offering clinical insights. Material and Methods This study consists of a literature review and a retrospective case series. A comprehensive search was performed across numerous medical databases for studies focusing on silicon oil-induced glaucoma management. Additionally, a case series of 6 patients with silicon oil-induced glaucoma is presented. Results Articles covering diverse interventions including trabeculectomy, glaucoma drainage devices, Ex-PRESS shunts, and others were identified and summarised. Glaucoma drainage devices demonstrated the most consistent long-term intraocular pressure control. Case series findings aligned with the literature, with the Baerveldt implant achieving sustained intraocular pressure reduction and visual stability in most patients. Conclusions Intraocular pressure should be closely monitored long-term after silicone oil tamponade, especially in high-risk patients. Silicone oil-induced glaucoma is a multifactorial condition that requires management by clinicians with substantial expertise and familiarity in this specialised area.