Screen exposure and circadian disruption in paediatric epilepsy: risks and technology-based approaches – a literature review

Purpose: The increased use of digital devices, particularly following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has raised concerns about their impact on sleep and seizure control in children with epilepsy. Blue light exposure from screens disrupts circadian rhythms by suppressing melatonin production, which can worsen sleep disturbances and potentially increase seizure frequency. This review aims to examine the relationships among technology use, sleep disturbances, and seizure control in paediatric patients with epilepsy. Views: We conducted a literature review of peer-reviewed studies from databases such as PubMed. The search terms included "blue-light exposure," "screen time," "sleep disturbances," and "epilepsy in children." Studies addressing the effects of blue light, screen time, and digital devices on sleep and seizure control in children with epilepsy were included. Data on sleep quality, seizure frequency, melatonin levels, and the use of mobile applications for sleep and seizure monitoring were analysed. Prolonged screen time was consistently linked to delayed sleep onset, reduced sleep duration, and poorer sleep quality, which may worsen seizure frequency. Children with epilepsy, especially those with photosensitivity, appear particularly susceptible to blue light's adverse effects. Some studies noted reduced melatonin and increased seizure activity following blue light exposure. The review also found growing interest in mobile apps and wearable devices for tracking sleep and seizures, though many tools lack validation. Conclusions: Excessive screen time and exposure to blue light negatively affect sleep and seizure control in children with epilepsy. Digital tools offer promise for the nonpharmacological management of epilepsy but require further research to confirm their clinical value.