Effect of dry needling therapy on hip range of motion as a component of functional performance in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial

Introduction The dry needling (DN) method is increasingly used in the treatment of low back pain (LBP). It involves inserting a thin needle into the tissue without anesthesia or injection. The the­rapeutic effect of DN is related to the change in the mechanical sensitivity of muscle tissue and reducing pain in patients with musculoskeletal dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DN according to the Five Regulatory Systems Concept (FRSc) on the range of motion of the hip joints as a component of functional performance in patients with chronic LBP. Material and methods The study included 46 patients with LBP assigned to the experimental group (n = 23, DN + rehabilitation) or control group (n = 23, DN sham + rehabilitation). Both groups underwent a total of 8 treatments, performed twice a week for 4 weeks (a single treatment lasted 60 minutes). An electronic goniometer was used to assess the range of motion of the hip joints. Measurements were taken before and immediately after the intervention and at 1-month and 3-month follow-up. Results In the measurements of the range of hip movement for both lower limbs in both groups there were statistically significant differences (main effect: p < 0.05). In the study group, the final improvement for the right limb was by 12.3 points (p < 0.001), for the left by 10 points (p < 0.001). In the control group, improvement was noted immediately after the completed therapy, for the right limb by 15 points (p < 0.001), for the left by 18 points (p = 0.334). In 3-month observation, the effects proved unstable. Conclusions The use of DN according to the FRSc contributes to improved hip range of motion in patients with LBP. When used in conjunction with an exercise program, it can be an effective adjunct to standard physiotherapy for patients with LBP.