Diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis: 2026 recommendations of the Polish Society for Rheumatology

This publication presents the official recommendations of the Polish Society for Rheumatology for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. A panel of 6 experienced rheumatologists developed the document using an evidence-informed consensus process incorporating current evidence, clinical experience and the Polish healthcare context. Unanimous agreement was reached on all recommendations. The diagnostic section outlines the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis in different patient groups and defines, for the first time, the role of radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry in clinical practice. The therapeutic section provides guidance on the optimal use of anti-osteoporotic drugs, including sequential therapy, and highlights the benefits of initiating treatment with an anabolic agent in patients at very high fracture risk. The document also addresses prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, osteoporosis in premenopausal women, and diagnosis and treatment in the paediatric population. These recommendations are intended to support early diagnosis and effective management of osteoporosis in Poland.