Pattern of ocular trauma and visual outcome among emergency ophthalmology visits: A retrospective observational cross-sectional study.

Background Ocular trauma is a major cause of preventable visual impairment worldwide and contributes significantly to emergency ophthalmology visits. Understanding injury patterns and visual outcomes is essential for improving management and prevention strategies. Objective To assess the pattern of ocular trauma, determine visual outcomes following treatment, and evaluate associated risk factors and preventive awareness among patients presenting to emergency ophthalmology services. Methodology This retrospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital from January 2024 to December 2024. Medical records of 50 patients presenting with ocular trauma were reviewed. Demographic details, type and cause of injury, clinical findings, management, visual acuity at presentation and follow-up, and awareness of protective measures were analyzed. Visual outcomes were categorized as good, moderate, or poor. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Most patients were males (76%), with the 21–40-year age group most affected (48%). Mechanical injuries were predominant (70%), and workplace accidents were the leading cause (40%). Closed globe injuries accounted for 58% of cases. Visual improvement was observed in 62% of patients, while 14% had poor outcomes. Only 28% reported using protective eyewear. Conclusion Ocular trauma predominantly affects working-age males, largely due to occupational exposure. Early diagnosis and timely management improve visual prognosis. Strengthening workplace safety regulations, promoting protective eyewear use, and enhancing public awareness are strongly recommended to reduce preventable ocular injuries.