Classification and Evaluation of Localization Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comparative Analysis Based on Performance Metrics

Although Wireless Sensor Networks have numerous applications, including monitoring health or the environment, military surveillance, industrial automation, and intelligent systems, nevertheless, there is hardly any clearly best technique for localization.Instead, each technique has its pros and cons that must be analysed regarding the particular needs of the application.This paper systematically catalogues the classification of techniques used for localization in WSNs, focusing on different local metric principles.Thereafter, every technique is studied and analysed exhaustively as regards their pros and cons.Moreover, a variety of quantitative indicators such as accuracy, complexity of implementation, cost, ease of use, trustworthiness, energy use, and extent of scalability are utilized for comparison.This analysis assists in elucidation the shortcomings and benefits of every technique and how they are valued in changing situations in diverse WSN applications.Moreover, the analysis outcome assists the practitioner and the researcher in selecting the appropriate localization technique.