A Comprehensive Review on Type-2 Fuzzy Logic in Intelligent Transportation Systems

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the development, methodologies, and applications of Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System (T2FLS) in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) over the period 2012-2025.Rapid improvements in autonomous vehicles, electric mobility, sensor-driven traffic control, and large-scale transportation optimization have increased real-time decision uncertainty.T2FLS models ambiguity based on noisy data, human behavior, environmental volatility, and dynamic system interactions within a principled framework.Drawing on over 50 key studies, this paper demonstrates that T2FLS outperforms Type-1 Fuzzy Logic System (T1FLS) approaches and classical control techniques in traffic signal control, autonomous navigation, anti-lock braking, electric vehicle energy management, driver behavior modeling, and evacuation routing by synthesizing more than 50 key studies.The review also examines methodological trends, constraints, and future research needs, providing a path for next-generation ITS integration of hybrid T2FLS.