Towards Better Urban Mobility: A Comprehensive Assessment of Pedestrian Infrastructure in Naval, Biliran Province, Philippines

Background Pedestrian infrastructure quality significantly influences urban mobility, particularly in developing regions undergoing rapid urbanization. This study assesses pedestrian infrastructure in Naval, Biliran Province, Philippines—a municipality transitioning towards cityhood—to address mobility challenges and inform sustainable development planning. Methods A mixed-methods approach was employed using a validated assessment framework with 17 criteria aligned with Philippine accessibility standards. Data collection involved systematic field observations covering 12.20 kilometers across 15 streets in downtown Naval and structured interviews with 211 pedestrians. Assessment combined physical measurements, photographic documentation, and statistical analysis of user perceptions. Results Field assessments revealed significant deficiencies, with 87% of sidewalks failing to meet minimum width standards (1.20 meters) and 80% exhibiting inadequate headroom clearance. Surface discontinuities were documented in 73% of segments, while 67% showed moderate to severe obstructions. Despite high utilization rates (82.9% of respondents regularly walking), only 34.0% reported positive experiences with sidewalk conditions. Statistical analysis identified significant correlations between infrastructure quality and pedestrian behavior, with safety concerns forcing pedestrians into vehicular pathways. Principal concerns included inadequate width (32.70% dissatisfaction), poor lighting (50.98%), and stray animals (66.67%). Conclusion This study establishes an evidence base highlighting the need for strategic interventions in Naval's pedestrian infrastructure. Findings underscore significant gaps between current provision and user requirements, particularly regarding dimensions, surface quality, and safety features. By identifying specific deficiencies, this research provides municipal authorities with actionable data to prioritize improvements that enhance walkability, safety, and overall urban mobility in Naval and similar developing urban contexts.