Advanced review on biodegradable materials for bone repair: polymers, magnesium-based metals, and ceramics

Biodegradable materials have garnered substantial attention in the field of bone repair due to their potential to eliminate the need for secondary surgeries, reduce patient pain, and decrease economic costs associated with orthopedic interventions. This review systematically summarizes the current knowledge, recent advancements, and clinical applications of three major categories of biodegradable bone repair materials: magnesium-based metals, polymers and ceramics. The physicochemical properties, degradation mechanisms, mechanical behaviors, and biocompatibility of these materials are discussed in depth. Additionally, this review highlights the challenges and future directions in the development of next-generation biodegradable bone implants, providing insights for researchers and clinicians aiming to optimize biomaterial selection for specific clinical applications.