Current approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of sepsis

Sepsis is a critical clinical condition characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from an uncontrolled host response to infection and is associated with a high risk of mortality. Its incidence is increasing due to aging populations, immunosuppression, and resistant pathogens. Although bacteria are the most common causative agents, viral pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 have also emerged as important contributors. Advanced age, comorbidities, immune deficiencies, and nosocomial infections are the main risk factors. Diagnosis is established through a combined assessment of clinical, laboratory, radiological, and microbiological findings. Early fluid resuscitation, oxygen support, and appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy are crucial in reducing mortality. Timely initiation of appropriate treatment improves survival and plays a life-saving role.