Efeito protetor do DIU na incidência do câncer de colo de útero: uma revisão de evidências clínicas e epidemiológicas

Cervical cancer remains a significant global public health challenge, particularly in regions with limited access to screening and HPV vaccination. In this context, scientific interest has grown regarding whether the intrauterine device (IUD), beyond its role as an effective contraceptive, may also offer additional protective effects against cervical carcinogenesis. This study aimed to critically analyze clinical and epidemiological evidence on the relationship between IUD use and reduced incidence of cervical cancer. A qualitative bibliographic investigation was conducted through a narrative review of studies published between 2000 and 2025, retrieved from indexed databases such as PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Web of Science. The results suggest that IUD users, especially copper IUD users, show a lower risk of developing high-grade cervical lesions and invasive cervical cancer. Proposed mechanisms include local inflammatory responses, enhanced immune surveillance, modulation of the cervical microbiome, and increased adherence to cytological screening. However, the literature remains heterogeneous, with variations related to the type of IUD, user characteristics, and behavioral confounders. In conclusion, the IUD may represent an additional protective factor against cervical cancer but should not replace essential preventive measures such as vaccination and regular screening. Future research should explore biological mechanisms more deeply and rigorously compare the effects of different types of IUDs.