Perfil das cirurgias de colecistectomia realizadas em um hospital público do Distrito Federal: fatores associados à escolha entre técnica aberta e videolaparoscópica

Cholecystectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in Brazil, mainly indicated for the treatment of cholelithiasis and its complications. Although laparoscopic surgery is considered the gold standard due to reduced postoperative pain and faster recovery, the choice of technique may be influenced by clinical and institutional factors, particularly in public hospitals. This study aimed to analyze the profile of cholecystectomies performed in a public hospital in the Federal District of Brazil and to identify factors associated with the choice between open and laparoscopic techniques. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study based on the review of medical records of patients operated on between March 2023 and February 2025. A total of 308 patients were included, with a mean of 12.8 procedures per month. Open surgery predominated (60.4%), followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (36.7%), with a conversion rate of 2.9%. Elective (49.4%) and urgent (50.6%) procedures occurred in similar proportions. Most patients were aged 40–59 years (44.9%), with a predominance of females (79.5%). Acute cholecystitis was the main surgical indication (55.3%). Overall complications occurred in 12.4% of cases, being less frequent in laparoscopic procedures (~5%) compared to open surgery (~15%) and converted cases (~33%). Postoperative hospital stay was up to two days in 71% of patients. The discharge rate was 94.8%, and mortality was 2.9%. In conclusion, open surgery remained predominant, particularly in more complex cases, while laparoscopy was associated with better clinical outcomes.