Mass Balance Analysis of Refuse Derived Fuel Production at Material Recovery Facility

Indonesia produces approximately 8,000 tonnes of waste per day, posing a serious challenge for national waste management. The LM & RDF landfill site in west java province indonesia stands as a pioneering facility that transforms waste into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) to support renewable energy. This practical work aims to analyse the composition of waste, mass balance, and RDF quality against SNI 8966:2021. The methods include sampling 100 kg in accordance with SNI 19-3964-1994, sorting, process observation, and laboratory testing. The results show a dominance of organic (38%) and plastic (28%) fractions. The mass balance shows that from an input of 354.9 tonnes/day, the final RDF product is only 1.6% (≈5.6 tonnes/day), which is lower than the plant’s design of 35%. Laboratory tests showed high moisture content (44–59%) due to the rainy season and waste heterogeneity, and ash content in mixed samples reached 25.66%, slightly exceeding the threshold of