Battery Health Monitoring and Smart Charging Slot Management in Electric Vehicles: A Review

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has accelerated rapidly, driven by the need for sustainable mobility and advancements in battery technologies. However, the large-scale deployment of EVs faces two key challenges: efficient monitoring of battery health and effective management of charging infrastructure. Batteries degrade over time, making it crucial to monitor state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) to ensure safety, reliability, and extended lifespan. At the same time, congestion at charging stations and lack of coordinated slot allocation create bottlenecks that limit user convenience and grid stability. Recent developments in Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, smart communication protocols, and predictive analytics provide opportunities to integrate real-time battery health monitoring with intelligent charging slot reservation. This review paper examines the current state of research in battery monitoring systems, SOC/SOH estimation techniques, slot reservation algorithms, and communication technologies for EV applications. It also highlights prototype implementations, identifies gaps in existing approaches, and outlines future directions including AI-driven queue optimization, V2G integration, and scalable IoT architectures.