The impact of educational games on grammar learning in ESL/EFL contexts

Grammar instruction remains a core yet challenging component of ESL/EFL education, as traditional approaches often yield low engagement and limited long-term retention. This study aimed to examine the impact of educational games on grammar learning outcomes in ESL/EFL contexts by analyzing their effects on learners’ grammatical accuracy, retention, and engagement, and by identifying the pedagogical conditions and game design features that enhance effectiveness across educational levels. A systematic exploratory review was conducted following Manchado Garabito et al.’s framework and PRISMA guidelines, synthesizing n peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2022 and 2024 and indexed in major databases. Data were extracted and analyzed thematically across study designs, populations, game types, and outcomes. The results indicate that educational games consistently improve grammatical accuracy and learner engagement, while effects on retention are positive but more context-dependent. Strong outcomes are associated with goal-oriented, rule-based, feedback-rich games integrated into teacher-guided instruction. The study concludes that educational games constitute an effective complement to grammar instruction when pedagogically aligned and thoughtfully designed, offering practical guidance for curriculum design and directions for future research on sustainable grammar learning.