PANORAMA EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS PROCEDIMENTOS EM NEUROCIRURGIA NO BRASIL, DE 2008 A 2025

Introduction: Neurosurgery represents one of the highest-complexity specialties with substantial demand in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), exerting significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and public financial resources. Despite its relevance, few nationwide longitudinal studies have comprehensively integrated hospital production, regional distribution, procedural profile, mortality, and funding. Objective: To outline an epidemiological panorama of neurosurgical procedures in the SUS from 2008 to 2025. Methods: Observational, retrospective, ecological study with descriptive analysis of secondary data from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS). Procedures coded with 0403 prefix plus sequential codes 0415020026 and 0415020077 were included, covering hospitalizations, deaths, regional distribution, management regime, and total expenditure. Results: A total of 886,203 neurosurgical hospitalizations were recorded (1.06% of all surgical procedures), with a hospital mortality rate of 14.92% (gradual decline). The Southeast region accounted for 44.39% of cases; ventricular shunts and hematoma surgeries were the most frequent. Total expenditure exceeded R$ 4.27 billion, with “ignored/not reported” dominating after 2016. Conclusion: The findings highlight persistent regional inequalities and substantial financial burden. A key limitation is the potential duplication in procedure counting within the same hospitalization (AIH), particularly via code 0415020077. The results provide an unprecedented baseline for future planning and research.