Application of Agrohomoeopathic for Cultivation of Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum basilicum and Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Immunomodulatory Effects on Channel Catfish Model

Background: Ocimum sanctum (OS) and Ocimum basilicum (OB) are valued for their medicinal properties, driving the need for improved cultivation methods. Agrohomoeopathic treatments offer a promising approach to enhance the quality of these plants. Preclinical studies, using channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) as a model, are vital for evaluating immunomodulatory potential due to their advanced immune systems. Methodology: Seeds of OS and OB were germinated using the filter paper boat method and treated with Silicea in different potencies (6cH, 12cH, 30cH, 200cH, and 1M), compared to controls (gibberellic acid and water). Silicea 6cH showed the best germination results and growth parameters. These plants were transferred to 2-liter pots and further treated with Calcarea phosphorica 6cH and Sulphur 6cH to improve rooting and essential oil production. Mother tinctures were prepared and analyzed for phenolic compounds (Eugenol and Gallic acid) using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and antioxidant activity through FRAP and ABTS assays. In-vivo immunomodulatory studies were conducted using channel catfish to measure cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 via ELISA. Results: Silicea 6cH significantly improved OS and OB germination (80% and 68%, respectively). AOS exhibited superior antioxidant capacity, while AOB displayed the highest Eugenol content (0.21%) and elevated cytokine levels (IL-1β and IL-6) compared to control. Conclusion: Agrohomoeopathy enhanced germination, growth, and secondary metabolites in AOS and AOB groups. This study also concluded that lower potencies had a more pronounced effect in plant model studies. AOB demonstrated the best immunomodulatory effects and phenolic content, making it the most effective treatment group. HPLC was found as the best method for quantitative analysis of the phenols (Eugenol, Gallic acid). Channel catfish scientifically proved to be an ideal and suitable preclinical model for immunomodulatory studies.