Chlorine radical-initiated atmospheric oxidation of imines: implications for structural influence on the nitrosamine formation

Chlorine radical (⚫Cl) initiated atmospheric oxidation of organic nitrogen compounds (ONCs) plays an important role in carcinogenic nitrosamines formation. Imines are important constituents of ONCs, primarily formed from the atmospheric oxidation of amines. However, ⚫Cl-initiated atmospheric oxidation of imines remains poorly understood. Here, we studied the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of ⚫Cl-initiated atmospheric oxidation for five representative imines (CH 2 =NH, CH 3 CH=NH, CH 3 N=CH 2 , (CH 3 ) 2 C=NH, HN=CHCH 2 OH) to elucidate their atmospheric fate and extend the limited available data of ONCs, thereby establishing a structure-activity relationship for the reactions. The calculated overall reaction rate constants (× 10 −11 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 ) of ⚫Cl + CH 2 =NH, ⚫Cl + CH 3 CH=NH, ⚫Cl + CH 3 N=CH 2 , ⚫Cl + (CH 3 ) 2 C=NH, and ⚫Cl + HN=CHCH 2 OH are 4.5, 27.2, 7.32, 44.8 and 12.6, respectively, which are consistent with the available experimental values. Importantly, our results show that ⚫Cl-initiated reactions of the NH-containing imines mainly produce N-centered radicals. These N-centered radicals exhibit various fates under tropospheric conditions: mainly reacting with NO to form nitrosamines or with O 2 to form cyanide compounds, which differs substantially from the behavior of previously reported amines. The various fates of the N-centered radicals formed from imines originates from the difference in direct hydrogen abstraction reaction rate constants (kO2) with O 2 and the reaction rate ( k NO ) with NO, both of which are principally governed by the distinct molecular structure of N-centered radicals. The revealed reaction mechanism provides new insights into the atmospheric transformation and risks of imines, and enrich our understanding of ⚫Cl and ONCs chemistry.