Reply on RC2

Abstract. We examine the local stable and unstable manifolds of chaotic attractors and their associated growth rates for the quantification of (non-)hyperbolicity in low dimensional nonlinear autonomous dissipative models. This is motivated by a desire for a deeper understanding of transversality and hyperbolicity to inform key challenges to prediction in spatially extended chaotic systems in geophysical flows. In particular, we apply local measures of chaos to quantify the relationship between transversality, dimension, and hyperbolicity on the subspaces of the attractors' invariant manifolds. We consider unstable directions and growth rates determined over finite time intervals, specifically those predicated on information over the past evolution i.e., finite time backwards Lyapunov vectors, and those that include information from both the past and future i.e., finite time covariant Lyapunov vectors. Our study reveals general properties across a diverse set of chaotic attractors at short, intermediate and extended forecast horizons associated with the emergence of distinct locally evolving regions of instability.