A GIS-Based Framework for the Spatial Design and Discrete Optimization of Drip Irrigation Subunits

The sustainability of global agricultural systems is increasingly dependent on the precision and efficiency of water distribution networks. In regions facing water scarcity, the design of irrigation subunits is a critical factor; however, the complexity of irregular field geometries often leads to designs based on manual approximations that ignore the full potential of hydraulic and economic optimization. This research introduces a sophisticated computational approach that integrates spatial network generation with advanced diameter optimization within a unified geographic information environment.The core of this methodology lies in its ability to simultaneously address two fundamental aspects of irrigation engineering: the automated spatial layout of the pipe network and the discrete optimization of pipe diameters. By leveraging a high-precision hydraulic simulation engine, a genetic algorithm evaluates multiple potential configurations to identify the most cost-effective solution that satisfies pressure uniformity and flow requirements. This dual-integrated approach replaces traditional fragmented workflows, where layout design and hydraulic dimensioning are often performed in separate, disconnected steps.The framework’s performance was validated through a practical application. This case study demonstrates how the system processes complex topographical data and irregular field boundaries to generate a complete infrastructure plan. The results indicate that the automated selection of commercial diameters, combined with an optimized spatial distribution of laterals and manifolds, leads to a significant reduction in total investment costs compared to conventional engineering methods.By streamlining the transition from raw geospatial data to a fully optimized hydraulic network, this work provides a robust decision-support tool for precision agriculture. It offers a scalable and adaptable solution that enhances the efficiency of irrigation projects, supporting long-term water conservation goals and improving the economic viability of modern farming practices in the face of a changing climate.